考研英語語法講解
倒裝句
英語句子的語序一般是固定的：主語在前，謂語在后，這叫陳述語序。謂語的全部或一部分（助動詞或情態動詞）放在主語之前的現象稱為倒裝。倒裝有兩種情況：語法倒裝和修辭倒裝。因為語法結構而必須倒裝的，叫語法倒裝；我們學習倒裝的主要目的是增加對英語句式多樣性的認識，以便在寫作和口語中使用。
語法倒裝
1．一般疑問句和特殊疑問句要倒裝
例如：
Shall I open the door? 要我開門嗎？
Are you cold? 你冷嗎？
Can you read this poem in German? 你能用德語朗誦這首詩嗎？
Which of the pictures do you like best? 你最喜歡哪張畫？
How are you getting along? 你目前怎么樣？
When will there be lasting peace in the world?
什么時候世界上才能有持久的和平？
2．There be 句型當中。There be 句型表達的意思是：“某處有….”。這個句型的主語在謂語動詞后面，因此這是倒裝語序。
例如：
There are not many people who want to read this book.
想看這本書的人不多。
There once lived a pack of wolves in this cave.
在這個洞里曾經住過一群狼。
There happened to be a taxi parked at the gate.
碰巧門口停著一輛出租車。
There is going to be a change in our arrangement.
我們的`安排將有一個變化。
3．當連詞as 表示“雖然、盡管”引導讓步狀語從句時，句子要倒裝，as 相當于though,可以替換。
如：
Small as/though the atom is, we can smash it.
盡管原子很小，我們可以擊碎它。
Tired as/though he was, he went on working.
(=Although he was very tired, he went on working.)
雖然他很累，他還是接著工作。
Cold as/though it was, we went out. 雖然天氣冷，我們還是出去了。
Child as/though she is, she knows a great deal.
她雖然是個孩子，但她懂得很多。
Teacher as he is, he knows little about teaching.
盡管他是個老師，但不懂什么教學。
Pilots as he claims he is, no one has ever seen him fly a plane.
盡管他聲稱是個飛行員，但誰也沒見過他非飛機。
注意后四句是可數名詞單數作表語并提前，習慣上不用冠詞。
4．虛擬語氣條件從句中的if 被省略時，要把從句中的were, had 或should 移到主語之前。（if 的省略、倒裝只限于從句中有were, had 或should這三個詞時。）
例如：
If I had been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.
=Had I been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.
如果我在你的位置，我不會這樣早放棄。
If he were to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.
＝Were he to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.
如果他能成功，太陽就會從西邊出來。
If you should be asked about this, say that you know nothing.
=Should you be asked about this, say that you know nothing.
如果有人問起你這件事，你就說你什么也不知道。
Were there no air or water, there would be no life on the earth.
如果沒有空氣和水，地球上就不會有生命。
Had you been more careful, you might have avoided the mistake.
如果你再細心點，本來事可以避免這個錯誤的。
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